VERBS.
The Slovio roots can have various endings. The Slovio basic verb-form is
formed by adding one of the following: -vit, -it, -t, to the
root. Which one of the three ending is added depends on the root. If the root ends
with vowel "o" then we add "-vit". It the root ends with a consonant,
then we add -it. If the root ends with vowels "a, e, i, u," then we add only -t.
In order to bring more clarity into our communication it may help to add "-vit"
also in those cases where it is not required.
The neutral verb-form, explained above, is the basic form. From this form are derived all
the other forms, simply by replacing the "-t" with
the other alternate endings. The future, present, the past and the conditional tenses can
be formed with the use of help words: BU (will do/ will be), ES (does/ is), BIL (did/ has
done/ was), BI (would have done, would have been), or by the replacement of the -t of the
neutral form with -b (future), -l
(past), -lbi (conditional). The imperative form is
created by replacing the -t with -j. More details
and other possibilities are shown with the examples. All the verbs follow the example of IDIT (to go). Exceptions are only
these verbs: ES (to be),
MOZX (can), HCE (want), DOLZX (have to), DOLZXBI (should). The other varianf of
"want" has more or less normal conjugation: HOTIT
(want)
Why are there up to 3 different ways one can use the
verbs? This is to give the language more flexibility and the ability to absorb and use any
words from any language without any change. For example if we have an english verb
"to extrapolate" and don't know how to translate it, we could use it in Slovio
as: "ja bu extrapolate, ja es extrapolate, ja bil extrapolate, etc." Let's not
forget that in other languages there are many more verb forms. And in such planed
languages as Esperanto or Ido we cannot use unaltered foreign verbs; first we have to
alter them and add to them appropriate suffixes, and only then can they be used. Slovio
can use unaltered "foreign" words. Even the spelling can remain original. The
use of cx, sx, zx, gx, wx in Slovio words doesn't create any conflicts with foreign words
because these letter combinations are practically non-existent in other languages.
-va- = DURATION, REPETITION. (In the past as English
"used to"). To denote an activity of long duration or one that repeats itself we
insert -va- before the -t of the neutral form. Examples: ja cxudovil (I wondered),
ja cxudovival (I used to wonder).
-(e)nie, -ie, -(a)cia =
ACTION, ACTIVITY. (Noun-creation.) Root+(e)nie or neutral +ie These suffixes mean activity
or action. Similar to english suffix "-ment". This is how we can derive nouns
from verbs. Examples: vid-it (to see), videnie or viditie
(seeing, vision); razv-it (to develop), razvitie
or razvenie (development),
-ba = same as above. Examples: sluzx-it (to serve),
sluzx-ba (service). TOP
-ts = WHILE DOING . (present) (Replace the
-t of the neutral form with -ts). (Similar to one form of English -ing.) For example:
Divats krasju zxen, on kupil kvetis. (While watching a beautiful woman, he bought
flowers.); Upotrebits letidlo pridime dnes. (Using airplane we will come today.);
Upotrebits voz pridime zavtra. (Using car we will come tomorrow.) MORE EXAMPLES
-ls = HAVING DONE. (past) (Replace the -t of the neutral form
with -ls). For example: Vidils krasju zxen, on kupil kvetis. (Having seen a beautiful
woman, he bought flowers.)
-bs = PREPARING TO DO. (future) (Replace the -t of the neutral
form with -bs).
More examples:
Cxitabs knig pitil voda. - Preparing to read a book, drank water.
Cxitats knig pitil voda. - While reading a book, drank water.
Cxitals knig pitil voda. - Having read a book, drank water. MORE EXAMPLES
Verb Aspect: the verb aspects (perfective, imperfective...) can be expressed in
Slovio using the above mentioned suffix -va- (duration,
repetition) and the prefix zu- (completion). This can be
done in all the tenses. TOP
PARTICIPLES are
formed in the following way.
ACTIVE:
-bsju = ACTIVE FUTURE PARTICIPLE. Add -sju to the -b of the
future tense. (Rarely used in Slavic languages, but possible.)
-tsju = ACTIVE PRESENT PARTICIPLE. Add -sju to the -t of the
neutral form. Examples: igrat (to play), igratsju (playing)
-lsju = ACTIVE PAST PARTICIPLE.. Add -sju to the -l of the
past tense.
PASSIVE:
-bju = PASSIVE FUTURE PARTICIPLE. Add -ju to the -b of
the future tense.
-tju = PASSIVE PRESENT PARTICIPLE. Add -ju to the -t of
the neutral form. Examples: igrat (to play), igratju (being played)
-lju = PASSIVE PAST PARTICIPLE. Add -ju to the -l of the
past tense. Examples: delat (to make), delalju (made). MORE EXAMPLES
CHANGE ACTIVE / PASSIVE:
-juvit = TO CHANGE SOMETHING (from
outside) Verb formed from an adjective: -ju+vit. Examples: dobrju (good),
dobrjuvit (make better, improve); velju (big), veljuvit (to enlarge, make bigger).
-juvsit = TO CHANGE ITSELF (form
inside) Verb formed from an adjective: -ju+vsit. Examples: dobrju (good), dobrjuvsit
(become better, improve itself); velju (big), veljuvsit (to grow up, to become bigger).
TOP
Other
Prefixes and Suffixes:
SEX. (GENDER).
The words (nouns) as such have no gender. They are all gender-neutral. Also the majority
of words denoting living beings, animals, plants etc are gender-neutral. If we want to be
specific that a certain living thing is of a male sex or of a female sex, or that it is a
young offspring we use the endings: -ic / -nic (male), -ica / -nica (female), -incxa /
-nincxa (young, offspring).
-(n)ic = MALE.
-(n)ica = FEMALE.
-(n)incxa = OFFSPRING, YOUNG.
Examples: kot (cat, a general gender-free term), kot-ic (tom-cat), kot-ica (female cat),
kot-incxa (kitten); lud (human, person), lud-ic (man), lud-ica (woman), lud-incxa (child),
lud-is (people). TOP
 QUALITY.
bez- = OPPOSITE. Denotes the direct opposite. Examples: dobrju
(good), bezdobrju (bad).
ne- = LACK OF QUALITY. This is
somewhat less strong, less negative than bez-. Examples: dobrju (good), nedobrju (not
good).
pra- = REMOTE. (English: grand-grand-...) Denotes something very old
(or very young) or a distant ancestor, distant age, distant descendant. Examples: otec
(father), pra-otec (distant grandfather);
zlo- = BAD; defect, mean. (English mis-). Examples: upotrebit (use),
zlo-upotrebit (misuse).
pred- = BEFORE. Example:
pseudo- = FALSE. Example:
vel- = BIG. Examples. grod (town), vel-grod (city). Velkrasju mlodica.
(Very beautiful girl.)
mal- = SMALL. Examples: grod (town), mal-grod (village).
pol- = HALF. Semi, demi, mid-. Examples: pol-den (noon),
pol-nocx (midnight).
nad- = ABOVE, SUPERIOR, OVER-. Examples: nad-velju (over-sized),
nad-razumju (of superior wisdom).
pod- = VICE, UNDER. Denotes deputy, vice or a lower function.
Examples: prezident (president), pod-prezident (vice president). It can also denote
describe something that is lower. For example: .......
proti- = ANTI. Opposite or opposition to something else.
Examples: proti-virus (anti-virus).
slab- = A BIT, WEAK. To do something only a bit; to be a bit
like something. Examples: belju (white), slabbelju (whitish); otkrit (open), slabotkrit
(open a bit).
mnog- = MULTI-. Examples: cvet (color), mnog-cvet-ju
(multicolored), narod (nation), mnog-narod-ju (multi-national).
din- = UNI-. Examples: cvet (color), din-cvet-ju (one
colored).
mezxu- = INTER-. Examples: mezxu-narod-ju (international);
mezxu-kontinent-ju (intercontinental).
so- = WITH, TOGETHER. (similar to English co-, con-). Examples: robit
(work), so-robit (cooperate); vrem (time), so-vrem-ju (contemporary), so-vrem-uo (at the
same time). Din (one), so-din (union), so-dinit (to unify, join), so-dinie (unification),
so-viazat (tie together).
samo- = AUTO-. Denotes an automatic device or machine.
Examples: samo-let (airplane); samo-ogen (lighter), samo-var (water cooker).
TOP
NOUNS: THING.
-iv, -ivo, -vo = MATERIAL. To denote a thing
originating from certain material or used for a certain purpouse. Example 1: topl-ju
(warm), topl-it (to heat), topl-ivo (heating fuel), plat-it (to pay), plat-ivo (currency),
pal-it (to burn), pal-ivo (fuel). Example2 : drev (tree), drev-ivo
(wood), goviad (cattle), goviad-ivo (beef), svin (swine, pig), svin-ivo (pork), kurk
(chicken), kurk-ivo (chicken meat).
-ie = THING (usually from adjective). Examples: sxastju
(happy), scxastie (happiness).
-(l)ka = THING (from verb). Simply replace the -t of the neutral
verb form with -lka. Examples: igrat (to play), igralka
(toy).
-(i)lo = THING (usu from verb). Simply replace the -t of the
neutral verb form with -lo. The suffix -lo means a thing used (passively) for a specific
purpose. Examples: umivat (to wash), umivalo (sink).
-(i)dlo = TOOL (usu from verb). The suffix -(i)dlo means
a tool used (actively) for a specific purpose. Examples: let-it (to fly), let-idlo
(airplane).
-k, -(n)ak, -(n)ek, -(n)ok,
-(n)ov = THING . Examples: pit-it
(to drink), pit-ok (a drink).
-(e)nek = THING . This ending is used as
a replacement for those traditional Slavic words which use the ending -nik to desigate
inanimate objects. In Slovio we use the ending -nik solely to designate persons.
Examples: cxai-nek (tea pot),
-(i)tor = MOTORIZED MECHANICAL DEVICE.
This ending is used to denote motorized mechanical or electronic devices. Examples:
pracx-it (to wash clothes), pracx-tor (washing machine); mroz (frost), mroz-tor
(freezer); pompa (pump), pompa-tor (motor pump); obraz (picture), obraz-tor (screen,
monitor); mesxa-t (to mix), mesxa-tor (mixer); vibr-it (vibrate), vibr-itor (vibrator);
pisa-t (write) pisa-tor (typewriter); let-it (to fly), let-itor (motorized flyer); kofe
(coffee), kofe-tor (coffee machine);
-(i)cxka = THING. Examples: sid-it (to sit), sid-icxka (a seat);
zxva-t (chew), zxva-cxka (chewing gum).
TOP
NOUNS: PLACE.
-(i)lna = ROOM. The suffix -lna means a room used for a
certain specific purpouse. So for example from the verb spat-it (to
sleep) we get spat-ilna (bedroom, sleeping room); and from the verb eda-t
(to eat) we get eda-lna (dining room). Or from the word vana
(bathtub) we get the word vana-lna (bathroom); umiva-t
(wash), umiva-lna (washroom), pracx-it (launder, wash
clothes), pracx-ilna (laundry room), zabava-t
(entertain), zabava-lna (living room). cxai (tea), cxai-lna
(tea-room), kafe (coffee) kafe-lna (coffee room).
igra (play), igra-lna (play room).
-(i)sxtie = PLACE, AREA. Urually refers to an external area
used for a particular purpouse or activity. Examples: let (flight), let-isxtie (airport),
igra (play), igra-sxtie (playground).
-(o)zem = COUNTRY, LAND. Bulgar (Bulgarian), Bulgar-zem (Bulgaria);
Rus (Russian), Rus-zem (Russia); Beloruszem (Belorussia).
NOUNS: REGION
(PLACE / SCIENCE)
-(n)ia = REGION. This suffix can be used in two ways:
1) To describe a geographical region, such as a country: Bulgar, Bulgaria (Bulgaria),
Bulgarian (Bulgarian); Rus, Rusia (Russia) Rusian (Russian); Belorus, Belorusia
(Belorussia), Belorusian (Belorussian).
2) To describe an intellectual region a region of human knowledge or activity: Histor-ia,
Ekonom-ia, Genet-ia...
LANGUAGE (noun,
adjective, adverb)
-io = LANGUAGE. This ending -io signifies a language, and can
remain the same in the noun, adjective or adverb form. Examples: Bulgar, Bulgario
(Bulgarian language); Rus, Rusio (Russian language), German, Germanio (German language),
Anglo, Angloio (English language), slov, Slovio (the word-language). Another longer way to
say the same thing is this: Germanju jazika = German language = Germanio; Rusju jazika
Russian languge = Rusio; Angloju jazika = English language = Angloio.
PERSON OR
OCCUPATION.
-(i)tel = OCCUPATION. (from a verb) Example: poucxi-t (teach),
poucxi-tel (teacher).
-(n)ar = TRADESMAN. Gender neutral. Examples: stol (table), stolar
(carpenter); lecxit (cure, treat); lecxar (physician);
-(e)nik = PERSON. This gender-neutral ending , signifies a person in
some way related to the root of the word. Examples: slep-ju (blind), slepnik (a blind
person); rob = work, robnik = worker,
-(i)lnik = PASSIVE ROLE. This gender-neutral ending ,
signifies a person in some way, PASSIVELY, related to the root of the word.
Examples: amput-it (amputate), amput-ilnik (amputee);
-(e)nic, -(e)nica = these two endings are gender-specific and
can replace the gender-neutral -nik.
-(n)ist = FOLLOWER. Example: komunizm (communism), komun-ist
(communist).
-(n)an, -(n)ian = MEMBER.
Member of a group, of a nation, or of a national group. (Gender-free ending.)
Examples: Slav-ian, Bulgar-ian.
TOP
BEGINNING - END
- COMPLETION.
za- = ON, BEGINNING. Beginning of an action. ("on").
ot- = OFF, ENDING, REMOVAL, SEPARATION. Ending of an action
("off"), or removal of something into the distance.
Examples: klucx (key), za-klucx-it (to lock), ot-klucx-it (unlock); viaza-t (to tie),
za-viaza-t (to tie together), ot-viaza-t (to untie).
nacx- = START. Start of an action. Example: otkrit (open),
nacx-otkrit (start opening).
zu- = COMPLETION. This denotes activity which has been completed,
which had finished in the past. Example: Ja delal lopata. (I made shovel); Ja zudelal
lopata. (I have made shovel).
vi- = COMPLETION / OUT OF. The prefix vi- usually signifies an action
that has been completed. But it is a prefix that can take on several different meanings.
More exact deffinition will be discussed later. TOP
DIMINUTIVE.
-(i)cxe = DIMINUTIVE. Denotes something small or cute. Examples: dom
(house), domcxe (little house); zxen (woman), zxencxe (little woman); postel (bed),
postelcxe (little bed or infant's bed).
mal- = DIMINUTIVE. Denotes something small. Examples: dom
(house), maldom (little house); grod (town), malgrod (village).
OTHER PREFIXES.
tu- = CLOSENESS. The prefix denotes something very close.
tam- = REMOTENESS. The prefix denotes something distant,
remote.
pri- = ATTACHMENT. Prefix pri- means to make something close,
to attach something. For example viaza-t (to tie) and pri-viaza-t (tie onto something).
pere- / pre- = TRANS / "IN
EXCESS OF". Examples: perevodit (translate); perebukvat (transliterate); pereidit
(transit); Perekrasju mlodica. (Too beautiful girl.)
pro- = FOR SOMETHING. Examples: pro-okupacju (favoring
occupation);
pro- = XXXXXXX. Examples: .... .... ...;
raz- = SEPARATION. Same as dis-. Examples: razbalit (unwrap);
razdelit (separate, partition);
na- = FOR SOMETHING. Weakly defined prefix, usually signifies an
object used in some relationship with the root. Examples: ruk (hand), naruk (glove), nog
(foot), nanog (sock);
TOP
OTHER SUFFIXES.
-(o)va = FEMALE FAMILY NAMES. The ending can be added to family
names to distinguish between a man and a woman.
-voi = BELONG. The ending signifies ownership, or a strong
relationship between the subject and object.. Example: Petervoi automobil. / Peter's car.
// Natasxavoi cxai. / Natasha's
tea.
-(v)ost = QUALITY. Formation of a noun from an
adjective. Equivalent to English -ness. Examples: dobr-ju (good), dobr-ost (goodness),
vel-ju (big), velost (size), bistr-ju (fast), bistr-ost (speed).
-(n)izm = MOVEMENT. Political or philosophical movement. (fasxizm,
kapitalizm, egzistizm ...)
-(..)stvo = COLLECTION of beings, organizations or things.
Example: lud (human), ludstvo (mankind, humankind), zxen (woman), zxenstvo (woman-kind),
drug (buddy), drugstvo (team); slov (word), slovstvo (word supply)..
-oicxa = MULTIPLE- (-ple, -uple, -uplet) i.e. multiple birth.
Example: dva (two), dvaoicxa (twin); tri (three), trioicxa (triplet); cxtir (four),
cxtiroicxa (quadruplet); piat (five), piatoicxa (quintuplet); sxes (six), sxesoicxa
(sixtuplet).
TOP
NUMBERS.
-ju = ORDINARY NUMBERS. Ordinary numbers are formed from cardinal
numbers by adding -ju. Examples: tri (three), triju (third); dvades (twenty), dvadesju
(twentieeth).
-lion = VERY LARGE NUMBERS. Very large numbers are formed from
the internationally recognized terms (mega, giga, tera, peta, eksa, zeta, jota) and adding
to them "-lion". Examples: megalion (million), gigalion (U.S. billion) teralion,
petalion, eksalion, zetalion, jotalion.
-tink = FRACTION. Denotes a fraction. tri = 3, tritink = 1/3;
cxtir = 4, cxtirtink = 1/4; piat = 5, piattink = 1/5; des = 10, destink = 1/10; sto
= 100, stotink = 1/100; tisicx = 1000, tisicxtink = 1/1000.
-tink = VERY SMALL NUMBERS. Very small numbers are formed from
the internationally recognized terms (mikro, nano, piko, femto, ato, zepto, jokto) and
adding to them "-tink". Examples: mikrotink, nanotink, joktotink.
More about numbers.
UNDEFINED,
UNIVERSAL PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES.
om- = UNIVERSAL prefix, undefined.
u- = semi-universal prefix, indicates close relationship of the
derived word to the original word. Examples: dragju (dear = expensive), udragju (dear =
beloved).
pu-, po- = UNIVERSAL prefixes. These are universal prefixes
which are used to create new words from existing roots. These prefixes are used where the
relationship between the root and the new word is less clear, more difficult to define.
Example:
-(n)in, -(n)ina = UNIVERSAL. Universal undefined suffixes to
denote something in someway related to the root. Examples: pecx-it (bake), pecx-ina
(oven), ...
UNDEFINED,
UNIVERSAL PREPOSITION.
om = UNIVERSAL preposition. Can be used at all times,
especially in cases where the correct preposition is difficult to determine. Somewhat
similar to English "of", or to Esperanto "je". Example: "Nasx
otec ktor es om nebes...", "mislim om ti",
CONNECTION.
-o- = CONNECTION. To connect together various words whenever
their connection would cause difficulties in pronunciation, we can use -o- to join the
words, prefixes or suffixes.
Other Slovio
prefixes und Suffixes will be discussed in later versions. Your suggestions and
definitions are welcome.
QUESTIONS.
LI is the universal question word. A statement is changed to a
question not by changing the word order, but simply by starting the sentence with
"LI". (To turn any sentence into a question, simply add "LI" to the
beginning of the sentence.)
Examples: On es mlodju. / He is
young. // Li on es mlodju? / Is he young?
If a sentence contains a question word already, then we don't have to add "LI"
to its beginning. Examples: Sxto es tasxto? / What is that? // Gde idisx? / Where are you going? TOP
ORDERS.
DAS is the universal word for imperatives. A statement can be
changed to an order simply by starting the sentence with "DAS". A question can
be changed to an order simply by replacing "LI" with "DAS".
Examples: Cxitasx knig. / You are
reading a book. // Li cxitasx knig? / Are you reading a book? // Das cxitasx knig! /
Read a book!
The other way to form and imperative sentence is by using the imperative form of the verb:
Cxitaj knig! = Buj cxitat knig! /
Read a book! If a sentence contains an
imperative verb-form, then we don't have to add "DAS" to its beginning. To learn
more about the imperative verb-forms visit the section "Verbs"
ARTICLES.
We can but we don't have to use articles. The universal definite article is "ta"
(in English "the") as in these examples: ta zxen (the woman), ta pcxelis (the
bees). Unlike English and unlike some other languages, in Slovio, there is no indefinite
article. This is a compromise between languages which have two articles, and those
with none. The word "ta" is invariable, like English "the" (but unlike
the corresponding words in Italian, German, French and Spanish - which have variable
articles).
GRAMMATICAL
GENDER.
There is no (grammatical) gender in Slovio, consequently no need to learn wheather a word
is masculine or feminine. TOP
FLEXIBLE GRAMMAR, ORTHOGRAPHY AND VOCABULARY.
Ther new feature of Slovio which has been added in the second half of 2007 is flexible
grammar, orthography and vocabulary. This means that Slovio enables users to use - apart
from the standard - also several alternate endings or spelling systems in order to achieve
maximum flexibility and to allow and encourage the further development and improvement of
the language. Furthermore Slovio enables users to use other words than those in the
standard Slovio dictionary, since it contains some words on which there is not a 100%
agreement. This will make it possible to determine, with time, the words which need to be
changed or added to the Slovio dictionary. Just like any natural language, Slovio is an
open-ended project, an open language, subject to changes and external influences.
For example to indicate object or direction Slovio can use the following endings for
singular nouns: "-(u)f, -(u)g or -(u)m" and
for plural nouns: "-(i)fs, -(i)ms" or
"-(u)mis". Other feature of Slovio's flexibility is the
possibility to replace the standard adjective and adverb endings of "-ju"
and "-uo" with "-sk".
Furthermore, since there is some opposition to the Slovio use of "-(i)s"
for the formation of plural, we suggest that users, if they prefer, experimentally use
just the letter "-i" to form the plural, independent of whether
the noun ends with a wovel or consonant. The demand that Slovio truncates all nouns, in
order for all nouns to end with a consonant, seems, at least for now, premature. It may
happen in the future but for now we feel it would cause more problems than it solves.
While there are some truncated words in Slovio dictionary, only those words whose
truncation causes no confusion have been shortened.
While using some of the above non-standard and experimental endings, user should be
careful to make sure that the usage does not create any kind of misunderstanding. The use
of the standard grammatical endings according to our knowledge does not create such
conflicts nor confusion. Concerning Slovio spelling and orthography it is possible to
replace "x" with an apostrophe. Once more, we warn users that on diffeerent
keyboards there are several similar-looking 'apostrophes', which have different ASCII
codes and that the end result may look on different computers very different, even
illegible. TOP
SOME IMPORTANT WORDS:
Click here
to get an overview of the most important words and pronouns.
ACCENT,
PRONUNCIATION AND SPELLING.
In order to have a simple non-confusing spelling and at the same time spelling which is
understandable to the largest number of people, Slovio has these simple spelling rules
concerning the letters "J" and "I": We don't use the letter
"J" in the middle of any Slovio words (roots); in the middle of Slovio words
(roots) we use only the letter "I" with these exceptions:
1) when it is necessary to have a "j" sound at the
beginning of a word. Examples: "jaico, jad, jazik..."
2) in a few well defined suffixes. Examples: "-ju, -just, -jme, -jte ...."
3) otherwise we use letter "i".
Pronunciation: the recommended (but not mandatory) pronunciation of Slovio words is to
pronounce all vowel combinations (a, e, i, o, u, combinations such as: ai, oi, io, uo ...)
as one-syllabic diphthongs rather than as two distinctive syllables.
Soft / hard consonants: Slovio is indifferent to soft/hard consonants common in most
Slavic and in many other languages. The reccommended (but not compulsory) pronunciation is
hard, but soft pronunciation of "N, D, T, L" is also acceptable.
Accent: the recommended (but not compulsory) accent is on the penultimate (the one before
last) syllable. This is similar to Polish, Esperanto and to many other languages.
VARIATIONS: Today Slovio is one of the most widely understood languages of the World.
Since Slovio can serve as the language of communicaiton with hundreds of millions of
people, variations in pronunciation are tolerated and possible, and most of the time they
will cause no difficulties in communication. In this aspect Slovio is tolerant of various
accents and pronunciations because the language is built in such a way that this should
cause no problems with mutual understanding. So even if you find it easier to pronounce
all vowels separately (each as a separate syllable, the way it is in Esperanto), it
shouldn't create any problems in communication. Perhaps with time there will be a
mandatory way to pronounce Slovio words, but at least for now we leave it to the free and
natural development of the language.
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BASIC GRAMMAR:
The vocabulary of Slovio
is based on that of the largest European language group, and includes many internationally
known words from Latin, Greek, English, French, German, Spanish etc. Because Slovio is
based mainly on the mutually intelligible Slavic languages, as soon as one learns Slovio
it should be possible to communicate with over 400 million people around the world. Not
only in such countries as Poland, Russia, Ukraine, Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Slovakia,
Croatia, Macedonia, Bosnia, Slovenia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Moldova, Serbia but also in
many other countries. The flexibility and the richness of the Slavic languages lies in
their ability to form new words with prefixes and sufixes. This ability of the Slavic
languages had been copied by Esperanto and by most other planned languages. Naturally,
Slovio has this ability too.
Words of particular types are in most cases indicated by their endings
(suffixes), and this makes it easy to see the structure of sentences. The root of each
word is never varied. Most words have special endings, other words (nouns, some verb
forms, prepositions, conjunctions and some adverbs) do not have any special endings.