Slovio 1.2

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BASIC GRAMMAR, SLOVIO 1.2:

The definite article ('the' in English) is "ta" as in ta zxena (the woman), and ta bcxelas (the bees). There is no indefinite article (a or an in English). So muzx means man or a man according to context. In some languages, there are no articles at all, so the retention of one article in Slovio is a  compromise between languages which have two articles, and those with none. The word ta is invariable, like English "the" but unlike the corresponding words in Italian, German, French and Spanish. There is also no (grammatical) gender in Slovio, consequently no need to learn that a word is masculine or feminine.

The vocabulary of Slovio is based on that of the largest European language group, and includes many internationally known words from Latin, English, French, German, Spanish etc. Because Slovio is based mainly on mutually intelligible Slavic languages, as soon as one learns Slovio it should be possible to communicate with over 400 million people around the world, in such countries as: Poland, Russia, Ukraine, Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Slovakia, Croatia, Macedonia, Bosnia, Slovenia, Kazakhstan, Belorussia, Moldavia, etc.

Words of particular types are in most cases indicated by their endings (suffixes), and this makes it easy to see the structure of sentences. The root of each word is never varied. Most words have special endings, other words (nouns, verbs, prepositions, conjunctions and some adverbs) do not have special suffixes.

Nouns: don't have special endings. Plural nouns ending in a wovel are formed by adding -s. Plural nouns ending in a consonant are formed by adding -is. Examples: zxena, zxenas = women; muzx, muzxis = men.

Adjectives end in -ya. Examples: dobrya = good; velya = big;  silaya = strong. As in English, adjectives do not change their form. They may be placed either before (as is usual in English) or after (as is usual in Spanish) the noun which they qualify. For example, zelonya trava (green grass) or trava zelonya, velya dom (big house) or dom velya.One can form nouns from adjectives by replacing -ya with -nost / -ost (English equivalent: -ness), and adverbs are derived from adjectives by changing the ending -ya to -yo: dobryo = well; bistryo = quickly.

Comparatives and superlatives are made using the words plus, minus, maxim and minim. For example: plus velya = bigger, and minus velya = less big, maxim velya = the biggest, minim razumya = the least wise, mlodya = young, plus mlodya = yonger, maxim mlodya = the youngest. Opposites are formed with preposition bez-: dobrya = good, bezdobrya = bad, opasya = dangerous, bezopasya = safe, opasnost = danger, bezopasnost = safety, opasyo = dangerously, bezopasyo = safely.

The verb roots can have various endings; they mostly (but not always) end with a vowel. The neutral is formed by adding -t or -et to the root.  (The "e" in the  -et, -ey, -el ... forms of the ending is used (added) to facilitate pronounciation, whenever the root of the verb ends with a consonant). The future, present, the past and the conditional tenses can be formed with the use of help words: BU (will do, will be), YE (does, is), BIL (did, has done, was), BIBIL (would have done, would have been). The imperative form is created by adding -te to the verb.

LI is the universal question word. To turn any sentence into a question, simply add "LI" to the beginning of the sentence. Examples: 
On ye mlodya. / He is young. // Li on ye mlodya? / Is he young?
If a sentence contains a question word already, then we don't have to add "LI" to its beginning. Examples:
Sxto ye etot? / What is it? // Gde ti ide? / Where are you going?

OTHER PREFIXES / SUFFIXES:
The ending -va means to belong. Example:
Peterva automobil. / Peter's car. // Natasxava  cxai. / Natasha's tea.
The ending -nik, signifies a person who is doing something...
rob = work, robnik = worker,
The suffix -alo (or -adlo) means a thing or a tool used for a specific purpose.
The suffix -nie (-enie) means some action. videt (to see), videnie (seeing, vision).
The suffix -ica signifies female.

The suffix -lna means a room used for a certain specific purpouse. So for example from the verb spa-t (to sleep) we get spalna (bedroom, sleeping room); and from the verb eda-t (to eat) we get edalna (dining room). Or from the word vana (bathtub) we get the word vanalna (bathroom).

The prefix e- denotes something very close. Tot = that, Etot = this.

Prefixes za-  and  ot-   mean roughly the same as english on (za-) and off (ot-). For example klucx = key. From that we derive: za-klucx-it (to lock) and ot-klucx-it (to unlock), viaza-t (to tie) za-viaza-t (to tie together, to close by tying).
The prefix vi- is a prefix that can take on several different meanings.

Prefix pri- means to make something close, to attach something. For examle viaza-t (to tie) and pri-viaza-t (tie onto something).

Other traditional Slavic pre-fixes and suffixes are being used in the usual way. More will be discussed later, in the next version.

SOME IMPORTANT WORDS:

i (and), bo (because), ili (or), li (universal question word), ak (if), po (..at a time), o (about), pri (beside), no (but), 

cvet (color): belya (white), sinya (blue), cxervonya (red), sedya (grey), zxoltya (yellow), fioletya (violet), purpurya (purple), cxornya (black), kasxtanya (brown, chestnut),

muzx (man), zxena (woman), hlopec (boy), deva (girl), drug (boyfriend), drugica (girlfriend), drugatya (married), dete (child), ot (from), pol (half),

sekunda (second), minuta (minute), godzina (hour), den (day), tizxden (week), mesiac (month), rok (year), vrema (time), buvrema (future), yevrema (present), bilvrema (past),

Solnce (sun), Luna (moon), Zemla (earth), Planeta (planet), Kozmos (universe),

Slovio version 1.2 is the second version released in the internet. We realize that as the previous versions also this version still needs improvements and it is being constantly worked on and improved. Your cooperation and suggestions are welcome. Please contact us at: info@slovio.com.

WORK IN PROGRESS!!
(we thank all for their constructive contributions)

1. Verb "BIT" / Verbe "BIT" / Tätigkeitswort "BIT"

Pronouns / Pronoms / Fürwörter
KTO ? / who? /qui? / wer
YA / I / je / ich
TI / you / tu / du
ON / he /il (mâle) / er
ONA / she / elle (femelle) / sie
ONO / it / il (chose) / es
MI / we /nous / wir
VI / you /vous / Sie, ihr
ONI / they /ils, elles / sie (Mehrz.)
SEBA / self / (.......-)même / selbst -

BIT Verbe "BIT" Tätigkeitswort "BIT"
Neutral / neutre / Grundform:
BIT  / be / être / sein

Buvrema / Future / Future / Zukunft:
YA BU / I will be / je serais / ich werde sein
TI BU / you will be / te serez / du wirst sein
ON BU / ge will be / il sera / er wird sein
ONA BU / she will be / elle sera / sie wird sein
ONO BU / it will be / ça ira (chose) / es wird sein
MI BU / we will be / nous serons / wir werden sein
VI BU / you will be / vous serez / Sie werden sein
ONI BU / they will be / ils seront / ihr werdet sein
/elles seront / sie werden sein

Yevrema / Present / présent / Gegenwart:
YA YE / I am / je suis / ich bin
TI YE / you are / vous êtes / Sie sind
ON YE / he is / il est / er ist
ONA YE / she is / elle est / sie ist
ONO YE / it is / il est (chose) / es ist
MI YE / we are / nous sommes / wir sind
VI YE / you are / vous êtes / Sie sind
ONI YE / they are / ils sont / sie sind

Bilvrema / Past / passé / Vergangenheit:
YA BIL / I was / j'étais / ich war
TI BIL / you were / vous étiez / Sie waren
ON BIL / he was / il était / er war
ONA BIL / she was / elle était / sie war
ONO BIL / it was / il était (chose) / es war
MI BIL / we were / nous étions / wir waren
VI BIL / you were / vous étiez / Sie waren
ONI BIL / they were / ils étaient / sie waren

Verbs.
All the verbs follow the form of "IDI". (exception: ES, MOZX).
Verbes.
Tous les verbes suivent les mêmes formes que "IDI". (sauf: ES, MOZX).
Tätigkeitswörter.
Alle Tätigkeitswörter werden gleich verwendet wie "IDI". (ausgenommen: ES, MOZX).

Neutre / Grundform:
IDI go / aller / gehen
LONG FORM / SHORT FORM
DOLGYA FORMA / KROTKYA FORMA

Buvrema / Future / future / Zukunft:
YA BU IDI / YA IDIB / I will go / j'irai / ich werde gehen
TI BU IDI / TI IDIB / you will go / tu iras / du wirdst gehen
ON BU IDI / ON IDIB / he will go / il ira / er wird gehen
ONA BU IDI / ONA IDIB / she will go / elle ira / sie wird gehen
ONO BU IDI / ONO IDIB / it will go / il ira (chose) / es wird gehen
MI BU IDI / MI IDIB / we will go / nous irons / wir werden gehen
VI BU IDI / VI IDIB / you will go / vous irez / ihr werden gehen
ONI BU IDI / ONI IDIB / they will go / ils iront / sie werden gehen

Yevrema / Present / présent / Gegenwart:
YA YE IDI / YA IDI / I (do) go / je viens / ich gehe
TI YE IDI / TI IDI / you (do) go / tu allez / du geht’s
ON YE IDI / ON IDI / he (does) go / il va / er geht
ONA YE IDI / ONA IDI / she (does) go / elle va / sie geht
ONO YE IDI / ONO IDI / it(does) go / il va (chose) / es geht
MI YE IDI / MI IDI / we (do) go / nous allons / wir gehen
VI YE IDI / VI IDI / you (do) go / vous allez / Sie gehen
ONI YE IDI / ONI IDI / they (do) go / ils vont / sie gehen

Bilvrema / Past / passé / Vergangenheit:
YA BIL IDI / YA IDIL / I did go / j'allais / ich ging
TI BIL IDI / TI IDIL / you did go / vous alliez / Sie gingen
ON BIL IDI / ON IDIL / he did go / il allait / er ging
ONA BIL IDI / ONA IDIL / she did go / elle allait / sie ging
ONO BIL IDI / ONO IDIL / it did go / il allait (chose) / es ging
MI BIL IDI / MI IDIL / we did go / nous allions / wir gingen
VI BIL IDI / VI IDIL / you did go / vous alliez / Sie gingen
ONI BIL IDI / ONI IDIL / they did go / ils allaient / sie gingen

Conditional / / :
YA BIBIL IDI / YA IDILBI / I would have gone ///
TI BIBIL IDI / TI IDILBI / you would have gone ///
ON BIBIL IDI / ON IDILBI / he would have gone ///
ONA BIBIL IDI / ONA IDILBI / she would have gone ///
ONO BIBIL IDI / ONO IDILBI / it would have gone ///
MI BIBIL IDI / MI IDILBI / we would have gone ///
VI BIBIL IDI / VI IDILBI / you would have gone ///
ONI BIBIL IDI / ONI IDILBI / they would have gone ///

Question / question / Frageform:
LI TI BU IDI? / LI TI IDIB? / will you go? / Irez-vous? / werden Sie gehen?
LI TI SAI IDI? / LI TI IDI? / do you go? / Allez-vous? / gehen Sie?
LI TI BIL IDI? / LI TI IDIL? / did you go? / Alliez-vous? / gingen Sie?

Imperative / Impérative / Befehlsform:
IDITE! (VI IDITE! TI IDITE!) / go! (you go!) / Allez! / Gehen Sie!
MI IDITE! / let’s go! (we go!) / Allons! / Gehen wir!

WORK IN PROGRESS!!
(we thank all for their constructive contributions)

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